Troposphere
The troposphere is the atmospheric layer located at an altitude of about 15 km above the Earth's surface. The troposphere is a heterogeneous medium whose properties change over time under the influence of meteorological conditions. It is characterized not only by a gradual decrease in the refractive index with altitude but also by the presence of local irregularities. The gradual inhomogeneity of the troposphere causes the bending of the trajectories of radio waves propagating through it, which facilitates the diffraction of radio waves around the Earth's curvature. Local irregularities can cause scattering of radio waves with wavelengths shorter than 10 m, enabling communication over distances of up to 1000 km from the transmitter.
Tropospheric Radio Waves
A tropospheric wave is a radio wave that propagates over significant distances (up to 1000 km) due to scattering in the troposphere and the guiding (waveguide) effect of the troposphere. Only waves with wavelengths shorter than 10 m can propagate as tropospheric waves.
Ionospheric radio waves, Static interference, Atmospheric interference